Experimental constraints on fluid-rock reactions during incipient serpentinization of harzburgite
Klein, Frieder
2014-10-20
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21 records were found.
Questo paper intende studiare gli effetti sulla produzione, sulla disoccupazione e sulla crescita dovuti alla esistenza di un settore di imprese sommerse. In particolare, intende mostrare che una politica di riduzione dei costi d'emersione, come il "condono", ha effetti positivi, ma inferiori a quelli ottenuti con una politica volta ad aumentare la efficienza delle imprese già operanti sul mercato. Il modello adottato assume eterogeneità fra individui nell'abilità imprenditoriale, e due tipi di impresa, di cui quella sommersa è caratterizzata, oltreché dall'evasione degli oneri sociali a suo carico, da una peggiore funzione di efficienza del lavoro e da un più basso costo (netto) del lavoro rispetto all'impresa legale, la quale gode inoltre di esternalità statiche e dinamiche. Il modello è in grado di spiegare: a livello microeconomico...
Easterlin paradox Social capital Relative income Well-being Happiness Relational goods Relational ability
Il tasso di occupazione nei 15 paesi dell'EU negli ultimi due decenni, com'è noto, è molto piu' basso rispetto a quello degli Stati Uniti. Meno noto, forse, è che questa differenza è tutta ascrivibile al tasso di occupazione nei servizi, mentre quello dell'industria (e dell'agricoltura) ci è favorevole. Non solo, ma tra i servizi il tasso di occupazione di quelli finali è rimasto stazionario, mentre soltanto i servizi intermedi hanno mostrato una buona dinamica. Sembrerebbe dunque che buona parte dei servizi non sia stata in grado di interagire con gli altri settori, e in particolare con la manifattura che maggiormente è stata interessata al progresso tecnico, al fine diassorbire occupazione, creare reddito e fornire domanda. La dimensione di questi fatti è stata messa a fuoco solo di recente, ma lo studio delle cause e dei rimedi è an...
Psychology has recently attracted renewed attention from economists, since the classical theory of rational choice seems unable to explain various “anomalies” usually observed in human behaviour. In the attempt to depart from Homo Economicus and achieve a more realistic representation of human behaviour, ‘behavioural economics’ proposes the conservative integration of the classical theory with inductive hypotheses drawn from psychology. Also ‘bounded rationality economics’ draws from psychology, but to model a new concept of rationality. Both proposals have yielded several results, but the research is still in a fluid state. This paper takes the research a step further, because it explores the literature in neurobiology and psychiatry, besides that in psychology. The intuition is that these disciplines suggest a more radical reconsider...
Many empirical studies show the paradoxical fact that service output in proportion to industrial output does not tend to decline, in spite of rising service pricing. Baumol's "cost desease" model well explains rising service prices, but it simply assumes that the output proportion remains constant. It concludes that service employment expands, and aggregate economic growth declines. The paper extends Baumol's model in two main directions: it endogenises households' preferences by assuming that they favour services insofar as income rises; it endogenises income growth by considering that several services contribute to the formation of human capital. Both the cases of rising human capital as a side-effect of consuming services, and as an investment purpose are studied. The conclusions in both cases are that the paradox can find an explan...
Contributions from psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry point out that the self is a construct built up by accumulating beliefs based on new and recalled information as a largely non-conscious process.[...] Policy implications for the educational and mental health system are briefly.
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The distinction made by the classical economists between necessaries and luxuries is weakened by two problems: how to draw the line between necessaries and luxuries in
advanced modern economies; how to evaluate luxuries, whether positively for individual’s freedom and for the economy, or negatively because they appear unethical. This paper examines a possible way out of these problems that emerges both from Scitovsky’s approach to “human welfare” and from some overlooked insights of Marshall, Hawtrey, and Keynes, the Cambridge economists who inspired Scitovsky. The proposal is to split luxuries into two components, and to redefine them, together with necessaries, on the basis of people’s motivations and goals, as well as of the effects on well-being and on the economy.
A matching model will explain both unemployment and economic growth by considering the underground sector. Three problems can thus be simultaneously accounted for: (i) the persistence of underground economy, (ii) the ambiguous relationships between underground employment and unemployment, and (iii) between growth and unemployment. Key assumptions are that entrepreneurial ability is heterogeneous, skill accumulation determines productivity growth, job-seekers choose whether to invest in education. The conclusions are that the least able entrepreneurs set up underground firms, employ unskilled labour, and do not contribute to growth. Underground employment alleviates unemployment only if the monitoring rate is sufficiently low.
A matching model will explain both unemployment and economic growth by considering the underground sector and human capital. Three problems can thus be simultaneously accounted for: (i) the persistence of the underground sector, (ii) the ambiguous relationships between underground employment and unemployment, and (iii) between growth and unemployment. Key assumptions are that entrepreneurial ability is heterogeneous, skill accumulation determines productivity growth, job-seekers choose whether to invest in education. The conclusions are that the least able entrepreneurs, whose number is endogenous, set up underground firms, employ unskilled labour, and do not contribute to growth. If the monitoring rate is sufficiently low, underground employment alleviates unemployment, but the economy grows at lower rates.
