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[Extract] Section 264 is one of a raft of provisions at the disposal of the Tax Office authorising it to require persons to furnish information and evidence to it. It sits alongside s 263, which is the primary provision authorising the Tax Office to have access to buildings and documents and to make copies: see [263.10]. Section 264 complements this power by requiring any person to whom a notice is issued to furnish information, to attend and give evidence and/or produce documents. It is, however, an independent power and not dependent on the Tax Office first seeking to exercise its powers under s 263. It further complements s 162, which authorises the Tax Office to require a person to lodge a tax return or furnish further information about their financial affairs. Section 264 can, however, be directed to persons other than the taxpaye...
As archaeology is established on Earth and we are actively
exploring the Solar System and beyond) there is the potential to develop a number of forms of exo-archaeology. The archaeology of the things intelligent species do in theory could be practised anywhere, provided one can detect the evidence. Sites are being created by us elsewhere within our star's habitable zone (HZ), namely on the Moon and Mars, and at least molecular traces of human-created probes are being left beyond the HZ (Venus, Jupiter etc.). The successful detection of extrasolar planets and the possible identification of HZs round other stars raise the possibility for the development of extrasolar archaeology, at least initially by remote sensing techniques. Within the Milky Way the main region to investigate is the galactic habitable zone (GHZ), though there could b...
The subject of 'Collisions of Cultures and Identities: Settlers and Indigenous Peoples' is crucial for the history of colonialism in the early modern and modern periods of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Australasia. Meta-narratives of the rise of empires, the international conflicts that the rush for colonies entailed, and the details of the expansion of colonisers on foreign soil continue to occupy the central place in this history.
On both sides of the Tasman Sea in the nineteenth century, many settlers believed the indigenous peoples doomed to extinction. In both Australia and New Zealand, colonists drew on the experiences of other parts of the world — North
and South America and the wider Pacific region — to buttress their belief. Equally, they drew on theories and argumentation advanced in the imperial centre — primarily
Darwinism by Buller's day; other scientific, medical or religious ideas before that — to validate their conviction that the local natives had not long to live. This awesome
prospect was given the positive gloss of progress, representing the extinction of Maori or Aborigine as merely one small chapter in the grand drama of civilisation’s triumph over savagery.
The Canadian-based Early Development Index (EDI) defines school readiness within five developmental domains: physical health and wellbeing: social competence; emotional maturity; language and cognitive skills and communication skills and general knowledge. Based on other early development indices and trials within Canada, the EDI uses over one hundred indicators to determine 'whether a child is "performing well", average or "developmentally vulnerable." From its introduction to Australia in 2003 and subsequent modifications for an Australian audience, the
Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) has been used in over 50 communities throughout Australia to collect data on school readiness for school, community and government use. However, the definition of school readiness is still a debate in schools, early childhood centres and hom...
Soil sodicity has a marked detrimental effect on sugarcane growth and yield. This manual deals with the diagnosis and management of sodicity and related problems in the soils and irrigation waters of the Australian sugar industry.
This manual is part of a toolkit designed for use by extension officers, agribusiness consultants and growers in the Australian sugar industry. The other components of the toolkit are a diagnostic Field Kit and a computer program Gypsy, used for gypsum rate calculations.
To point out that assimilationists contested assimilation might, at first glance, seem banal. There is never complete unanimity over policy, and still less over practice; there is always disagreement over tactics, pace and procedure. Did
contention over assimilation, however, extend beyond mere squabbling over strategy? On the face of it, there is a case to answer. When the linguist T G H Strehlow urged assimilation through strengthening the authority structures of Indigenous societies, he would seem to have envisaged outcomes, as well as processes, different to those entailed by assimilation through the dismantling of Aboriginal groups. When the anthropologist A P Elkin celebrated cultural syncretism - the 'blending' of European with Aboriginal elements - the outcomes of the assimilation he promoted would seem significantly different...
After professional sporting leagues were formed in the latter part of the 19th century, labour controls were introduced with the objective of creating a more even competition. English soccer's retain and transfer system was to operate for over a half a century until it was declared a restraint of trade in Eastham v Newcastle United Football Club. The less restrictive transfer system continued to operate until it was declared invalid in regard to uncontracted players by the 1996 Bosman ruling. The governing body of world soccer, FIFA, and the governing body of European soccer, UEFA, were then forced by the European Commission to develop new Regulations in
regard to the transfer of contracted players. It is suggested that these new Regulations emphasise the role of contracts within soccer, and represent a sensible compromise between the...
[Extract] The anthropologist A P Elkin was surely Australia's most longstanding advocate of Aboriginal assimilation. For half a century he pushed the policy, from the late 1920's and 1930s, when socio-cultural assimilation was an innovative and challenging doctrine; through the post-war decades, when it gained the imprimatur of the state; into the 1960s and 1970s, when assimilation came into increasingly bad odour among those committed to Aboriginal welfare. Inevitably, over such a vast time-span, his conceptions of assimilation were not entirely consistent Indeed, he did not use the term at all until the late 1930s, and not until the late 1940s as a general term to encompass the processes of sociocultural change facing Aboriginal people. However, there is sufficient consistency of terminology and conceptual content to allow the word '...
[Extract] Cape York Peninsula is recognized for its remarkable cultural and biological diversity. Its ancient and variable geology overlaid with a diverse range of plant communities and its highly seasonal climate combine to produce a diverse range of environments. Much of the region's biological diversity is related to its closeness to the highly diverse regions of New Guinea and South-east Asia. As both bridge and barrier between these regions and Australia, Cape York Peninsula shares numerous plant and animal species and plays an important role in the ecological and evolutionary history of these regions.
