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The KR03-12 cruise was funded by both JAMSTEC and ORI. This research was supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the United States Geological Survey.
This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-9819261 (to H.S., M.A.T., and D.J.F.) as well as the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the Penzance Endowed Discretionary Fund.
Between 1910 and 1913 Rudolf Höber presented proof that the interiors of red blood cells and muscle cells contain conducting electrolytes, and that each conducting core is contained within an insulating membrane. He did this by demonstrating, in a series of remarkable electrical experiments, that the conductivity of compacted cell samples at low frequencies (~150 Hz) was about ten-times less than the value obtained at ~5 MHz. On perforation of the membrane, the low-frequency conductivity increased to a value approaching that exhibited at MHz frequencies. Apart from representing a major milestone in the development of cell biology and electrophysiology, Höber’s work was the first description of what we now call the dielectric b-dispersion exhibited by cell suspensions and fresh tissue.
The salinity and temperature of the Florida Current are key parameters affecting the
transport of heat into the North Atlantic, yet little is known about their variability on centennial time scales. Here we report replicated, high-resolution foraminiferal records of Florida Current surface hydrography for the last millennium from two coring sites, Dry
Tortugas and the Great Bahama Bank. The oxygen isotopic composition of Florida
Current surface water (δ18Ow) near Dry Tortugas increased 0.4‰ during the course of the
Little Ice Age (LIA: ~1200-1850 A. D.), equivalent to a salinity increase of 0.8-1.5 psu.
On the Great Bahama Bank, where surface waters are influenced by the North Atlantic
subtropical gyre, δ18Ow increased by 0.3‰ during the last 200 years. Although a portion
(~0.1‰) of this shift may be an artifact of anthropogenic...
This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants OD000329 and R01AI40312 (to JMM), R01ES006272 (to MEH), P42ES007381 (Superfund Research Program at Boston University to JS, DHS and MEH), R21CA134882 (to JS), NIH Training Grant T32 GM007175 (MML), and the Harvey V. Berneking Living Trust. BK is supported by Career Development Awards from the NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK083334) and the NASPGHAN Foundation. JEM is a recipient of the Human Frontiers Science Program Long-Term Fellowship (LT000231/2011-L). JMM is a recipient of the NIH Director's Pioneer Award Program, part of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, through grant DPI OD00329.
The cruise was funded by a grant to WHOI from the
National Science Foundation (NSF) OCE-9819261, with additional funding
provided by WHOI thorough the Vetlesen Foundation. The PEG experiments
were funded by NSF OCE-0425073 in a grant to Tracy Gregg.
Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant Nos.
OCE 88-12917 and OCE 91-15712.
R. G. N. and J. L. S. acknowledge the
support of NASA grants NAG5-6451 and NAG5-6591, respectively, as
part of the JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Program. G. K. P. and F. J.
acknowledge support by the Swiss National Science Foundation. European
contributions were supported by the EU GOSAC Project (ENV4-CT97-
0495).
